Key grammar structures needed for IELTS. Learn how to use these correctly to improve your band score.
Originally published July 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
In this post, we will be looking in-depth at tenses.
In the IELTS Speaking Test, the examiner will probably ask you questions that will require you to answer with the correct tense, while also giving additional information.
Listen for the tenses in the questions, as this is the tense you should use in your answer. You should be able to understand if the question is about the past, the present or the future. Think about using related tenses when giving more information if relevant.
For example, the examiner might ask you;
What are your future career plans?
I would like to study for a Master's and go much further academically, in the next 3-5 years. I had previously studied creative writing as part of my university course. I have a huge interest in seeing where my creativity could take me. I want to be able to write novels in the future, preferably non-fiction.
What tenses are used in the answer?
TIP >> The questions asked is an opportunity for you to talk about your own experiences, with examples. A simple answer will not gain you a high band score. You must extend your answer giving more information to show off your vocabulary and grammar knowledge.
The Past Simple
The past simple and the past continuous are commonly used to describe events in the past.
The past simple is used to express something that happened a past point in time. Remember to always use a past time expression, or a clear contextual clue when using the past simple. If you do not indicate when something happened, use the present perfect for unspecified past.
This tense is often used with the following time expressions:
... ago
... in + year / month
...yesterday
...last week/month/year... when ...
Examples;
Positive
Subject + Past Tense + object(s) + time Expression
I went to the beach yesterday.
Negative
Subject + did + not (didn't) + verb + object(s) + time Expression
They didn't join us for lunch yesterday.
Question
(Question Word) + did + subject + verb + object(s) + time Expression
When did you buy that jacket?
The Past Continuous
The past continuous tense is used to describe what was happening at a specific moment in the past. Do not use this form when referring to longer periods of time in the past such as 'last May', 'three years ago', etc.
This tense is often used with the following time expressions:
... at 6.30, four o'clock, etc.
Examples;
Positive
Subject + was / were + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
We were meeting with Lana at one o'clock yesterday afternoon.
Negative
Subject + was / were + not (wasn't, weren't) + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
They weren't playing volleyball at two o'clock on Sunday.
Question
(Question Word) + was / were + subject + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
What were you doing at three-thirty yesterday afternoon?
The Present Simple
The present simple is used to express daily routines and habits. Adverbs of frequency such as 'usually', 'sometimes', 'rarely', etc. are often used with the present simple.
This tense is often used with the following time expressions:
always, usually, sometimes, etc.
... every day
... on Sundays, Tuesdays, etc.
Positive
Subject + Present Tense + object(s) + time Expression
Jamie usually, takes a train to college.
Negative
Subject + do / does + not (don't / doesn't) + verb + object(s) + time Expression
They don't often go to London.
Question
(Question Word) + do / does + subject + verb + object(s) + time Expression
How often do you play volleyball?
The Present Continuous
One use of the present continuous tense is for action that is occurring at the moment of speaking. Remember that only action verbs can take the continuous form.
This tense is often used with the following time expressions:
... at the moment
... now
... today
... this morning/afternoon/evening
Positive
Subject + be + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
She's watching a movie now
Negative
Subject + be + not (isn't, aren't) + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
They aren't having food this morning.
Question
(Question Word) + be + subject + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
What are you doing?
The Present Continuous (for events)
One use of the present continuous tense is for scheduled future events. This is especially useful when talking about appointments and meetings.
This tense is often used with the following time expressions:
... tomorrow
... on Friday, Monday, etc.
... today
... this morning/afternoon/evening
... next week/month
... in December, March, etc.
Positive
Subject + be + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
I'm meeting Tom at seven o'clock this evening.
Negative
Subject + be + not (isn't, aren't) + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
Shelley isn't attending the study group on Friday.
Question
(Question Word) + be + subject + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression
When are you discussing the essay with Tom?
Present Question and Answer Example >>
Question >> What do you like about your town/city?
I really enjoy the culture here, the architecture and the atmosphere. The historical town was built by the Venetians, which makes the architecture of the streets similar to many places in Italy. There are also many great restaurants to visit, from places in the centre of the town to others next to the sea. My favourite restaurant is a busy place on the corner of a narrow street that serves traditional Greek food and it is always busy. A new place has opened up next to the sea and I want to go and eat there next week.
The answer tells the examiner about the present and mentions future plans - A new place has opened up next to the sea and I want to go and eat there next week. The answer uses the present simple and the present continuous.
The Future Simple
The future simple refers to a time later than now and expresses facts or certainty. In the IELTS Speaking Test, it is likely that if you are asked a question about the future it will be a prediction. For example, asking you about your plans after your studies, where you will go on your next holiday and other possible situations.
The future with 'will' is used for a number of situations:
Used for Predictions
It will rain this week.
It will be really hot tomorrow.
Used for Plans
The future with 'going to' is used to express planned events or intentions.
These events or intentions are decided on before the moment of speaking.
Jamie is going to study Nursing.
Where are they going to stay when they visit?
Future Question and Answer Example >>
Question >> What do you think you will be doing in five years time?
In five years I would like to have a senior position in the hospital I work in. I am enjoying working there and I'm trying my best to progress further. I will continue to work in my chosen area of paediatrics, as I really enjoy working with children and helping them to get better. I want to be able to have a more senior role in the future so that I can have more of a say in decision-making and take on more responsibility.
Can you see the tenses used?
The present continuous >I am enjoying working there and I'm trying my best to progress further.
The present simple > I want to be able to have a more senior role in the future so that I can have more of a say in decision-making and take on more responsibility. (This describes her long-term plans)
The future simple >I will continue to work in my chosen area of paediatrics, as I really enjoy working with children and helping them to get better.
We hope you found this post useful in helping you to study for the IELTS Test. If you have any questions please let us know in the comments below or on the Facebook page.
The best way to keep up to date with posts like this is to like us on Facebook, then follow us on Instagram and Pinterest.
If you need help preparing for the IELTS Test, join the IELTS Achieve Academy and see how we can assist you to achieve your desired band score. We offer an essay correction service, mock exams and online courses.
Comprehensive guide covering essential IELTS preparation strategies and techniques to help you achieve your target band score.
Originally published July 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
In this post, we will be looking in-depth at the grammatical range and accuracy.
While you are preparing for your IELTS Speaking Test it is important that you understand the marking criteria. Grammatical range and accuracy count for 25% of your speaking score, therefore it is vital that you understand what the examiner wants.
You will be able to achieve a higher score if you can demonstrate your ability to use a variety of sentence structures, a variety of tenses and advanced verb forms including conditionals, modal verbs and the passive voice.
Complex Sentences
Complex sentences have more than one clause, they contain an independent clause (main clause) and at least one dependent clause.
Therefore, a complex sentence is made up of the main clause with one or more dependent clauses joined to it with an appropriate conjunction or pronoun.
The complex sentence is conventionally regarded as one of the four basic sentence structures in English. The other structures are the simple sentence, the compound sentence, and the compound-complex sentence.
Complex Sentences examples;
Although Lana had a busy day at work, she decided to go to the beach with her friends.
The woman who lives at the end of my street is good friends with my grandmother.
I wish that I could go on holiday this month with my friends to relax and have fun.
Complex sentences have more than one clause >>
Although Lana had a busy day at work, she decided to go to the beach with her friends.
The woman who lives at the end of my street is good friends with my grandmother.
I wish that I could go on holiday this month because I want to relax and have fun.
Sentences with multiple clauses use connecting words such as -> that, which, who, where, when, how, although, because, before, after, etc.
Can you answer these questions using complex sentences?
Where do you live?
I live in a house that is built on top of a larger house in a quiet area, which has great views of the city.
What is your favourite movie?
The movie that I can watch again and again is dirty dancing because it has a great love story with an amazing soundtrack.
Where do you like to go on holiday?
Although I like to travel to the city for some culture, I love to have a relaxing beach holiday, with hot weather and a laid back atmosphere.
What was the last book your read?
I read an interesting book that detailed the life stories of young women who worked in a factory in 1920's called 'The Radium Girls'.
Simple And Complex Sentences
Native speakers use both simple and complex sentences when speaking. In the IELTS Speaking Test, it is important to use a variety of sentence structures.
A simple sentence is a sentence with only one independent clause (also known as a main clause). Also known as a clausal sentence.
For example;
My favourite book is Harry Potter.
I like to eat sorbet.
I buy gluten free pasta.
I enjoy swimming in the sea.
Look at the example below, can you see which sentences are complex and which ones are simple?
Question
Where is your favourite place to visit in your country?
I really enjoy walking my dog in a large park called Mon Repos because it is a great place to explore and some paths lead to a secluded beach. My dog enjoys it very much. We often take him there late afternoon, which is perfect for him as the temperature is a lot cooler and the other dog walkers are there, so he can play with his furry friends. Mon Repos is steeped in history, although it is open to the public now, it was where some of the Greek Royal family once lived.
The simple sentences are highlighted below >>
All of the other sentences are complex - > can you see the connecting words?
I really enjoy walking my dog in a large park called Mon Repos because it is a great place to explore and some paths lead to a secluded beach. My dog enjoys it very much. We often take him there late afternoon, which is perfect for him as the temperature is a lot cooler. When we visit the park the other dog walkers are often there, so he can play with his furry friends. Mon Repos is steeped in history. Although it is open to the public now, it was where some of the Greek Royal family once lived.
The example gives an answer to the question, but also provides extra information, which is a great way to be able to demonstrate vocabulary and grammar to the examiner.
We hope you found this post helpful in helping you to study for the IELTS Test. Let us know in the comments or on the Facebook page if you have any questions. The best way to keep up to date with posts like this is to like us on Facebook, and then follow us onInstagramand Pinterest. We offer essay correction services, mock exams, and online courses. If you need help preparing for the IELTS Test, join the IELTS Achieve Academy and see how we can help you achieve your desired band score faster.
Step-by-step guide to answering this type of IELTS Writing Task 1 question. Covers structure, key language, and band-scoring criteria.
Originally published May 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
When you are writing an essay for any task 1 academic question, you need to be aware of the grammar and vocabulary you are using. If you have many errors in your work, you will definitely lose marks. In the marking criteria, 25% of your marks are based on grammar, the examiner will check the accuracy of your grammar and the range of sentence structures in the essay. The more mistakes that appear in the writing, the lower the score will be.
For example, here are the criteria for grammatical range and accuracy from band 5 to 9 >>
Band Score 5 - Uses only a limited range of structures. Attempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentences. May make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be faulty; errors can cause some difficulty for the reader.
Band Score 6 - Uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms. makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication.
Band Score 7 - Uses a variety of complex structures. Produces frequent error-free sentences. Has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
Band Score 8 - Uses a wide range of structures. The majority of sentences are error-free. makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies.
Band Score 9 - Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy; rare minor errors occur only as 'slips'.
There are a number of common errors that students make in their essays which include the following >>
Articles
Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific. For example;
After the dramatic increase in sales, the pre-loved clothes were very popular.
This example shows that it is a specific increase in sales of the pre-loved clothes.
After a steady increase, a portion of the pre-loved clothes was sold.
By using the article a, we’ve created a general statement, implying that some of the pre-loved clothes sold.
English has two types of articles: definite and indefinite.
Many of my students get confused by the word the, either putting in too many or too few. Learning how to use this word will be very beneficial for your writing.
Plurals
Most singular nouns are made a plural by simply putting an -s at the end. There are many different rules regarding pluralization depending on what letter a noun ends in. You use plurals to show when there is more than one of something, so for example, if you are talking about more than one city, you would say 'cities'.
Uncountable Nouns
Countable nouns are referring to items that can be counted, whereas uncountable nouns refer to amounts that cannot be counted.
Punctuation
One of the most common errors I see in my student's essays is the misuse of the comma and the full stop (also known as a period). While a full stop ends a sentence, a comma indicates a smaller break. Some writers think of a comma as a small pause—a marker that separates words, clauses, or ideas within a sentence. There are many examples and rules to follow, take a look and study the rules for comma usage.
Prepositions
Prepositions of place give a sense of direction or location. This is important, particularly when writing a maps question, to show that you can accurately describe where things are. The following examples show different prepositions of place;
Verb Tense
Verbs come in three tenses: past, present, and future. The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g., earlier in the year, yesterday, last month, five years ago). The present tense is used to describe things that are happening right now or things that are continuous. The future tense describes things that have yet to happen (e.g., later, tomorrow, next week, next year, five years from now).
It is important for you to be able to write in the correct verb tense, when describing data, predicting future trends or changes to a map.
When writing about changes you can see on a chart or graph you should be aware of using the correct tense when writing about the information, for example;
If you are writing about data that is in the past, for example, June 2005, then you should use the past tense.
If it has predictions for the future, for example, 2022, you use future tenses.
It there is no time, you use present simple.
Exercise
Here is an exercise for you to complete, read through each sentence and see where the grammar mistakes are.....
There was a significant increase in spending for housing in 2015.
The line graph shows the typical temperatures at three main cities.
The growth of interest in gardening rose at 50% to 71% in two years.
Spending on luxury item grew during the year 2015-2016.
The highest amount spent in both year was on smaller car.
Answers -
There was a significant increase in spending on housing in 2015.
The line graph shows the typical temperatures in three main cities.
The growth of interest in gardening rose from 50% to 71% in two years.
Spending on luxury items grew during the years 2015-2016.
The highest amount spent in both years was on smaller cars.
We hope you found this post useful in helping you to study for the IELTS Test. If you have any questions please let us know in the comments below or on the Facebook page.We hope you found this post useful in helping you to study for the IELTS Test. If you have any questions please let us know in the comments below or on the Facebook page.
The best way to keep up to date with posts like this is to like us on Facebook, then follow us on Instagram and Pinterest.
If you need help preparing for the IELTS Test, join the IELTS Achieve Academy and see how we can assist you to achieve your desired band score. We offer an essay correction service, mock exams and online courses.
