Comprehensive guide covering essential IELTS preparation strategies and techniques to help you achieve your target band score.
Originally published May 2021. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
“To err is Human”, which simply means human beings are prone to errors and mistakes in their work, no matter how precise and accurate they plan to be. And when it comes to writing, even the best in the business depends on proofreaders and editors to critique their work.
Since the most experienced writers with a strong grasp of grammar and punctuations cannot prevent some of these inadvertent errors from creeping in. Well, it’s a great thing if you as a writer can afford to hire experts for proofreading but not everyone can do that.
This is where tools such as Grammarly come to the rescue, which does all the nitty and gritty grammar rectification for your work. In the end, you can focus on the major task, Writing.
This article will take you on a journey when you will get familiar with Grammarly. Furthermore, you can decide whether to use it or not.
What is this Grammarly everyone is so hyped about?
Grammarly is an amazing spelling and grammar checker tool that can integrate with any place or platform you write and does the job in real-time for you as you go on writing.
For instance, this platform can be your email, a text editor, a WordPress blog, word processors like Google doc or MS word. Grammarly not only tackles bad grammar and punctuation but also deals with other aspects of writing like flow, delivery, tone, conciseness, and even plagiarism.
It takes such a huge load off the back of writers who don’t wish to piggyback human proofreaders and editors. Indeed, it saves time and relatively money and boosts productivity on the way.
Features of Grammarly: A comprehensive pathway
Grammarly offers two choices: a free version and a premium version.
The free version has limited capability but can get a great amount of job done. Importantly, it can perform grammar checks, spelling checks, punctuation errors, conciseness, and tone-detection. All these features alone can turn the face of your writing. Thus the Free version offers Correctness and Clarity to some extent.
The premium version focuses on correctness, clarity, engagement, delivery, and plagiarism check. Here we will discuss in detail the features offered in the Premium version which packs features you may not think about lacking until you use them.
CORRECTNESS
Spelling checker: Once Grammarly has been integrated with your browser (Chrome/ Firefox), it checks and suggests correct spellings every time you write something. For example, when you’re writing an email or a blog, Grammarly quickly highlights the errors and you can correct them with a click. The spell-check offered by Grammarly is not hard rule-bound but a contextual one. It tries to understand and correct errors like your vs you’re, where vs were, there vs their kind of errors.
Grammar and Punctuation checker: Grammarly can quickly detect the smallest of grammar and punctuation errors like tenses, fragmented sentences, alliteration errors, extra punctuations etcetera. It can detect the most basic to most advanced errors and provide suggestions about correcting them. Along with the suggestions, it also tells you what is the reason behind the suggested correction thus working as a guide along the path.
Fluency: At times we often use fancy words in our sentences to increase the profoundness of it but it backfires. It rather renders the sentence unnatural and difficult to understand. Well, Grammarly makes sure your choice of words is natural and the flow of the piece is as smooth as possible.
CLARITY
Conciseness: Grammarly makes sure you don’t get lost while framing a sentence because we often take a long path to convey the simplest things. So, it actively suggests alternative ways to deliver a sentence.
Clarity-focused rephrasing and formatting: Several writers have great content but are lousy and ambiguous with their writing. For them, Grammarly offers restructured sentences and formatted constants wherever deemed necessary.
ENGAGEMENT
Writing Style of the author: Grammarly shows a readability score on the sidebar which helps the writer to self-edit their content for higher legibility. Moreover, it suggests sentence length and word placement that could improve the score and crux of the sentence at the same time. This helps a budding writer to get comfortable with his/her genre and niche.
You can set goals about how your writing should be and Grammarly tries its best to help you with that. For instance, you can choose your style to be formal/informal and intent to inform or describe a topic and Grammarly caters to your needs efficiently.
Vocabulary enhancement: This is another exciting feature provided by Grammarly. I believe this was always needed as there are only so many words that we can memorize along with their meaning. This undoubtedly adds crispness and vibrance to the article.
DELIVERY
Tone Detector: There are times when our mood influences our writing. For instance, while sending out an email one might use a harsh or direct tone because of the frustration and stress driving the writing. Surely, this might bring devastating outcomes. Grammarly has this feature that senses the tone of your writing and suggests what you need to do to dial down a particular tone. Isn’t this a lifesaver?
Politeness, Formality level, and Inclusive language: Grammarly checks the harsh language used and suggests more polite options. And at times when you’re in a hurry and use acronyms in a formal letter, Grammarly even rectifies that thus ensuring you don’t face backlash. Finally, it makes sure your language is respectful and doesn’t ooze any kind of unwanted sentiments.
Confident Writing: Grammarly eliminates words that stop you from showing off your go-getter attitude. For that, it suggests words and phrases as a replacement that will give a greater sense of confidence and formidability to your audience.
PLAGIARISM CHECKER
This is one feature that I am personally excited to use. Before Grammarly offered plagiarism checks, it was a hassle out there with a limited amount of software and soaring prices of those. Now that it is here, it saves a huge amount of time and money that it takes to ensure the originality of your content. Grammarly checks against over 16 billion online resources to provide you with plagiarism scores for your work. This is an especially great addition for researchers and students who are writing their first paper and cite heavily from the references and previous works.
Target users: Who is Grammarly for?
In a broad sense, Grammarly for everyone who writes. But if we talk about productivity and monetization of written works, we need to converge this target.
Content writers and developers
Independent authors and bloggers
Business writers and professionals
Students
Academicians and researchers
Different options you can choose from to use Grammarly
Web Application: This is the most preferred option to use Grammarly because it’s hassle-free and intuitive. To be sure, all you need to do is copy your content or article from your editor and paste it on the Grammarly website and check for errors. Furthermore, once the errors are corrected and you are satisfied with the result you can copy it again and paste it or publish it on the targeted platform. Easy peasy lemon squeezy!!
It is redundant to mention that you must sign up and create a free account first before you proceed with your task.
Google Chrome Extension: You can add Grammarly as a browser extension to your chrome and let it automatically check for errors every time you write anywhere. You can find the link to the extension on Grammarly’s homepage or search for it in the Chrome app store. This is particularly useful while writing emails or contents and getting them corrected simultaneously.
Desktop Application: This is rather useful if you prefer working offline or at times when there is a strain on the network connectivity. All you need is to download the desktop application and install it. Additionally, it works with both Windows and macOS. The rest of the steps are the same as you would proceed with the web application.
Microsoft Office Plugin: For Windows users, things couldn’t get better with Grammarly. To elaborate, you can add a Grammarly word as a plugin in the MS word add-in page by following the instructions mentioned there. Again, it should be kept in mind that MS word should have access to the internet to work with this feature.
Mobile platform: Grammarly offers smooth and intuitive keyboards for both Android and IOS users. They can download it from their respective app store.
Should you start using Grammarly right away?
I would suggest you try the free version of Grammarly first and get a taste of the ease and comfort it offers. With the free version, you can do most of the basic corrections such as grammar, spelling, and punctuation. These three features can improve the readability and crux of your content to a great level.
Once you get all cozy with it and genuinely feel the premium features will be an asset to you, go for it. For bloggers and authors who write for a living, you won’t regret owning the paid version at all. Rather, you will see right away how it gets the job done more elegantly and faster.
DeliveryTone detectionConfident writingPolitenessFormality levelInclusive language
✅
✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Number of users per License
1 user
1 user
3+ users
Price
Free
$12.00/ month
$12.50/member/month
If you are a blogger and write on a greater range of topics, you would want to spend most of your time doing research on the content rather than skimming through your work for grammar and language corrections. Moreover, it’s tedious and impossible to get everything correct with human vigilance. So, I would personally recommend the Individual premium license for you. It costs too little for what it offers. With this, you can multiply your productivity and volume of work to many folds.
Word of Caution: Not everything Grammarly suggests is acceptable
Grammarly follows an algorithm to do what it does. To add, sometimes there might be certain things you want to present in your way which may not be understood by the underlying algorithm. So, it is important to see carefully all the corrections it is suggesting and accept them consciously. You have to make sure it is not altering your organic ways or the meaning you want to convey.
Grammarly is an AI tech and it has been trained by billions of datasets to achieve the level of efficiency it has today. But again, there are always outliers and your writing or content might be one of them. So, just keep your eyes and brain open when you are correcting your piece using Grammarly.
A detailed guide to this IELTS Writing Task 2 essay type, with structure templates, useful vocabulary, and techniques to achieve Band 7+.
Originally published October 2020. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
It is more important to have a good family than to have friends. Family can always compensate for absence of friendship. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has a heating effect on the atmosphere and results in global warming. Why global warming is considered one of the most serious issues nowadays? How can this problem be solved?
A lot of people have become dependent on technology as it plays a big role in our daily lives. Do you agree that living in computer age has more advantages than disadvantages? Describe the positive and negative impacts of technology on our lives and give your opinion.
A lot of people spend a major part of their adult life at work, so job satisfaction is very important for individual happiness. What are the main factors that contribute to job satisfaction? What are the possible solutions for people who are unsatisfied with their jobs?
A lot of people who wanted to become professional athletes gave up this idea because of the fear of failure and parents’ pressure. Do you think that parents should support their children who want to do a career in sports? Support your point of view with relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.
A lot of places in the world rely on tourism as a main source of income. Unfortunately, tourism can also be a source of problems if it is not managed correctly. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of tourism in the modern world. Do you think that benefits of tourism outweight its drawbacks?
An increasing number of people are now using dating sites to meet their second halves. Do you think that this tendency helps people to socialize or does more harm than good? Give your opinion. Provide relevant examples if necessary.
Atomic energy is becoming more and more popular energy source. However, some people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth to danger. What is your opinion?
A big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary.
Childhood obesity has become a serious problem in recent years. What are the primary causes of this? What measures should be taken to reduce childhood obesity?
Children are generally more successful in foreign language studies than adults. Thus, it is better to learn languages in childhood. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Children engaged in sport are often overloaded with physical activity or get serious traumas. What are the main reasons of this? What solutions can you suggest?
Climate change is a big environmental problem that has become critical in last couple of decades. Some people claim that humans should stop burning fossil fuels and use only alternative energy resources, such as wind and solar power. Others say that oil, gas and coal are essential for many industries, and not using them will lead to economic collapse. What is your opinion? Support your point of view with relevant examples.
Despite a variety of sport facilities and gyms, people are less fit nowadays than ever before. What do you think are the main causes of this problem? What solutions can you suggest?
Each country censors the media in one way or the other. What are the pros and cons of censorship in the media?
Ecotourism is now defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment. What are the advantages of ecotourism? How can we make ecotourism more popular?
Email is a fast and convenient way to communicate, and written letters aren’t needed anymore. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Establishing good relationships in the workplace is not important, as the primary goal of every person is to focus on work. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Everyone deserves to be educated. It’s unfair that intelligent people are not admitted to private universities because of their financial background. University education should be free for everyone. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary.
Famous sportsmen often earn a lot more money than people in other professions. Although sport is important in our lives, everyone should be equal and such big incomes of sport professionals are unjustified. Do you agree or disagree?
For a long time art has been considered an essential part of all cultures in the world. However, nowadays people’s values have changed, and we tend to consider science, technology and business more important than arts. What do you think are the causes of this? What can be done to draw people’s attention to art?
Forests produce fresh oxygen and participate in regulating climate. But every year tree cover of our planet is lessening due to deforestation. What are the primary causes of deforestation? To what results may it lead?
Health education is an essential aspect of community health. Do you agree or disagree?
High job demands, stress and sense of commitment are among the main reasons people go to work when they are ill. This way they accomplish important tasks, but may infect others or get some serious health problems themselves. In your opinion should people go to work if they are sick? Support your point of view with relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.
Immigration has a major impact on the society. What are the main reasons of immigration? To what consequences can it lead?
In contemporary society, everyone should have equal opportunities in education. Therefore, universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Influence of human beings on the world’s ecosystem is leading to the extinction of species and loss of bio-diversity. What are the primary causes of loss of bio-diversity? What solutions can you suggest?
It is better to have one true friend than all the acquaintances in the world. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
It is commonly believed that nowadays main factors that affect a child’s development are media, pop culture and friends. A different point of view is that family plays the most significant role. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
It is much more convenient to watch a movie on television or computer than buy a ticket and go to the cinema. In the nearest future the popularity of cinemas will drastically decline. Do you agree or disagree?
It is often claimed that electronic devices will soon replace paper books. Do you agree or disagree?
Many people think that to become a successful specialist it’s better to choose a career early in life and never change it later. To what extent do you agree with this view? Support your opinion with relevant examples.
Media surrounds us, from the shows we watch on television to the music we listen to on the radio. How does media affect the society? Do you agree that the impact of media has more disadvantages than benefits?
More and more couples are deciding to be “child-free”, to have no children, in other words. Some people claim that those couples reach this conclusion through entirely selfish reasons. While others think that they came to this decision through noble motives, such as concern about overpopulation and desire for independence. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of teen deaths. To prevent such road accidents, the government should ban people under 24 to drive motorcycles. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Music plays a vital role in our society. How much has music influenced the way we think today? What do you think is key role of music in nowadays world?
Nowadays a growing number of boys and girls within normal weight ranges have an intense fear of gaining weight and therefore get anorexia. Why do you think a lot of teenagers have a strong desire to be skinny? What can be done to prevent this eating disorder?
Nowadays families are not as close as they used to be. What do you think are the causes of this? What can be done to make families closer?
Nowadays more and more people have access to the Internet. But constant availability of any information worsens people’s memory and critical thinking skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Nowadays there is a wide range of TV programs. But instead of watching educational programs, news or documentary films, more and more people prefer to watch TV shows, soap operas or serials. And this negatively affects knowledge acquisition skills. What are the primary causes of this tendency? How is it possible to make educational TV programs more popular?
Nowadays university education is considered very important for people’s future. However, there are a lot of successful people who didn’t get higher education. Do you think that higher education is necessary to succeed in life? Justify your opinion with relevant examples.
Online education is becoming more and more popular. Some people claim that e-learning has so many benefits that it will replace face-to-face education soon. Others say that traditional education is irreplaceable. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Pollution of air, water and soil has become critical in last years and it takes millions of years to recoup. What are the main causes of pollution? How can we tackle this problem individually and globally?
Some people advocate death penalty for those who committed violent crimes. Others say that capital punishment is unacceptable in contemporary society. Describe advantages and disadvantages of death penalty and give your opinion.
Some people argue that girls and boys should be educated separately, while others think that it is more advantageous for children to study at the same school. What is your opinion?
Some people believe that violence on television and in computer games has a damaging effect on society. Others deny that these have any significant influence on people’s behaviour. What is your opinion?
Some people claim that immigrants should adopt the local culture when immigrating to a new country. While others think that they can establish a minority community instead. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some people claim that it is immoral to exploit animals, and that the government should prohibit using animals for scientific research. In the meantime, others argue that exploiting animals is crucial for allowing scientists to learn more about human biology and health. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some people claim that the government should provide free health care. Others think that the government will not provide the most innovative methods of treatment and it’s better to invest those funds in education and culture. What is your opinion?
Some people hesitate between getting a job and starting their own business. While the idea of not having a boss and working on one’s own schedule may sound tempting, financial risks and stress sometimes outweigh these advantages. In your opinion what are the pros and cons of working in a company?
Remember to spend no more than 40 minutes on one essay, and write at least 250 words.
In many countries around the world young people decide to leave their parents’ home once they finish school. They start living on their own or sharing a home with friends. Is this a positive or negative development? Give reasons for your answer and include relevant examples.
Some people think that it is fine for professional sportsmen and sportswomen to misbehave on or off the field, as long as they are playing well. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Nowadays celebrities earn more money than politicians. What are the reasons for this? Is it a positive or negative development?
Some people believe that excessive use of modern technologies, such as computers and smartphones, is negatively affecting the reading and writing skills of our young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Today children are spending much more time watching TV compared to the past. Why do you think this happens? Is this a positive or a negative change?
Scientists believe that the world is in danger due to environmental changes. Some people say that personal lifestyle changes should be made to reduce the damage to the environment, while others think that the government should do something to help. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
It is believed that people who read for pleasure develop their imagination more and acquire better language skills compared to people who prefer watching television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people believe that face to face communication is always more powerful than written communication. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your own opinion and include relevant examples.
Many parents complain about violence promoted to their children through video games, TV programs, and other media. Why is it happening? What can be the solution for it? Give your opinion and include relevant examples.
Many people believe that individuals are responsible for their own happiness, while others think happiness is dependent on other external factors. Discuss both views and include your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and examples from your experience.
In the past, people wore their traditional clothes and followed their culture. These days most people wear similar clothes and therefore look very similar to one another. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
Some people believe that women should be treated as equal to men when applying for a job with police or the military. Others think women are less suitable for this kind of job. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Some people believe that the restoration of old buildings costs too much; we should demolish them and build new ones instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people suggest that bringing up children by the whole family including uncles, aunts, and grandparents is better, rather than only by parents. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and examples.
Nowadays online shopping is extremely popular. Discuss the impact of it on the environment and on people, who lost their jobs because of it.
Many people believe that big businesses in addition to generating profits should be involved in and responsible for the social life of the community. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give your opinion.
Children today have more responsibilities than in the past. Some people think it has positive effects than negative ones while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some cities create new housing for their growing populations by constructing a smaller number of high-rise buildings. Other cities create more of low-rise buildings. Which solution is better, in your opinion?
Some think that economic progress is completely dependent on the country’s success, while others believe that other factors are also important. What are the different factors contributing to the success of a country? Do you believe that only one factor is important, compared to others?
Many people find it difficult to speak in front of and to present to an audience. It is believed that this skill should be taught in school. Why is this important? To what extent do you agree or disagree with it?
Nowadays children watch too much TV. Why is this happening, and what can be done to prevent it?
Nowadays international tourism is the biggest industry worldwide. Unfortunately, sometimes it creates tension between people from different cultures, instead of better understanding. Why do you think it is happening and how can it be improved?
While recruiting a new employee, the employer should pay more attention to their personal qualities, rather than qualifications and experience. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give your opinion and include relevant examples.
Many people believe that learning a foreign language is a very difficult task. What are the most difficult things about learning a foreign language? What is the best way to overcome them? Explain and include your personal experience or knowledge of these problems.
Many parents encourage young people to leave home when they become older, while others think they should stay at home with the family. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Nowadays people waste a lot of food that was bought from shops and restaurants. Why do you think people waste food? What can be done to reduce the amount of food they throw away?
Some people say that art subjects such as music, drama, and creative writing are an essential part of education, and every school should include them in its syllabus. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and examples from your own experience.
Some people believe that the government should take care of old people and provide financial support after they retire. Others say individuals should save during their working years to fund their own retirement. What is your opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include examples from your own experience.
Nowadays in many countries, women have full-time jobs. Therefore, it is logical to share household tasks evenly between men and women. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Nowadays many people choose ready-made food and refuse to cook at home. Why do you think it happens? What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a choice?
Some people say that protecting the environment is the government’s responsibility. Others believe that every individual should be responsible for it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some people think that public health within a country can be improved by the government making laws regarding nutritious food. Others, however, think that health is a matter of personal choice and responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people think that it is best to encourage children to leave the family home as soon as possible. Others believe children should stay at their family home for as long as they like. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Many people support the use of animals for testing medicines for humans. Others believe it isn’t appropriate to use animals for such experiments. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some think that it is better to get information or advice from other people, while others believe one can get any information or advice from the Internet or books. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Nowadays the crime rate is increasing, especially among teenagers. What are the reasons behind it? How can we reverse this trend? What punishment methods should be used, in your opinion?
Some people think that newspapers are the best media to learn and get information from, while others believe that the Internet is a better source. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Nowadays some people think that public libraries are not necessary, while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion and examples.
Some people believe that research into family history is useful for the next generations, while others claim that the present and future are more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Nowadays online education has become popular as more institutes and companies are offering courses online. However, many people prefer traditional, classroom training or study. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.
Nowadays more and more people are spending less time at home. Why do you think it happens? What effect does this have on individuals and society?
Some people believe that for a hobby to be enjoyable it should be hard to acquire or learn. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Nowadays many job seekers are finding jobs that force them to move far from their family and friends. Is it a positive or a negative trend? What can be done about it?
Excessive consumption of sugar causes many health-related issues. Some people believe the government should control the population’s sugar intake while others think people themselves should be responsible for their sugar eating habits. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
People nowadays sleep less than they used to in the past. What do you think is the reason behind this? What are the effects on individuals and the people around them?
“Due to the advancement in computer technology, the trend of working from home will bring a dramatic change to people’s lives. Is it a positive or negative development? Give your opinion and examples.”
Some people believe that managers are responsible for the organization’s success, while others think various features of the organization play a vital role in it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The urban transport system receives more funds compared to the rural transport system. Why do you think it is so? How can it be solved?
These days it is very common to have people from two different generations mix in the same workplace. Are there more advantages or disadvantages to this situation? Give your own opinion and include relevant examples.
Some people think that schools should involve students in school management. Do you agree or disagree with this idea? Give reasons for your answer.
It is expected in the near future that there will be a higher proportion of old people compared to the younger population in some countries. Is it a positive or negative development? Give your opinion and examples.
Computer games and films containing violence are popular today. Some people think that these are harmful to our society and the government should ban them. Others argue that such games and films are fine for entertainment. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Many people believe that the increasing number of cars in cities is the biggest source of pollution and waste. Others think that industries are the ones causing pollution. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Many people believe that it’s better to learn something in a group rather than individually. Do you agree or disagree?
Some say that people working in different job roles should get different amount of holiday time. Do you agree or disagree? Give your opinion and examples from your own experience.
Remember to spend no more than 20 minutes on one letter, and write at least 150 words.
You have just finished your master’s degree and need to leave your current part-time job to search for full-time employment. Write a letter to your current employer. In your letter: – explain why you will not be able to pursue a full-time job in his/her company – say why you’ve enjoyed working for him/her – tell him/her how much longer you will continue to work for him/her.
Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to a music concert. Please say – Where and when does the concert start? – What type of music will be played there? – Why do you think your friend will enjoy it?
Your Manager has asked you to do a presentation at the upcoming training session. Write a letter to your manager and say – What is the topic of the presentation? – What is the benefit of conducting a session on that topic? – What are your requirements for conducting this presentation?
You have purchased a product on a website and received a different product. Write a letter to the company. In your letter – Describe the product you ordered – Explain why you aren’t satisfied with the product you received – Let them know what actions you expect them to take
You want to improve your knowledge of a foreign language which can help you at work. Write a letter to a foreign language teacher and say – Where did you hear about the teacher? – Why do you want to learn a foreign language? – Ask some questions about the course.
You have recently visited a local school in your community. It needs people who can help renovate the building and also help with some activities. Write a letter to the principal of the school and say – How would you be able to help? – When and why would you do it? – Who will help you to do it?
You recently took a trip to another city, and you had a plan to visit your friend who is living there. However, you couldn’t see him/her. Write a letter to your friend, and say
– Apologize for not being able to meet. – Give your reasons. – Suggest how you can meet some other time.
You have recently been invited to talk about your country at the American academy. Write a letter to the administrator and say – Accept the invitation and suggest possible dates. – What topics would you like to talk about? – What will you need for your talk?
You work a part-time job in a company and the company posted an advert seeking a person for a full-time position. Write a letter to your manager requesting to apply for the advertised position. In your letter say – Why do you want to apply? – What are your future goals? – Why would it be beneficial for the company?
You have recently flown to another country on a business trip. You were satisfied with the flight but didn’t like the services at the airport. Write a letter to the airport manager and say – Give your flight details. – Why were you disappointed? – Suggest some improvements to airport services.
You stayed at a hotel recently and forgot about your clothes there. Write a letter to the hotel manager and say – When and where did you stay? – Describe your clothes. – What would you like the manager to do about it?
Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to your family party. In your letter – Explain why you are organizing the party. – Describe what you are planning to do. – Say how important it is to have your friend at the party.
Your colleague found another job and invited you to his/her farewell party. Unfortunately, you are unable to attend it. Write a letter to him/her and say – Why can’t you attend the party? – Why did you enjoy working with him/her? – Offer him/her to meet some other time.
You have recently used a moving company to move your household items to a new place and they have been damaged in transfer. Write a letter to the company’s manager and say – When and where did it take place? – What is your complaint? – Suggest a reasonable solution.
You would like to participate in a training course. Write a letter to your manager about the course and ask for permission. In your letter – Give details of the course. – Why is it useful for you? – How will it benefit your work?
You have recently traveled by plane and during the journey, you had an issue with one of the airline employees. Write a letter to the company manager and say – Give details of your flight. – Describe the issue you have encountered. – What do you expect the manager to do about it?
You forgot an item at the hotel where you stayed on vacation recently. Write a letter to the management and say – When and where did you stay? – What did you leave there? – What do you want them to do with this item?
One of your colleagues recently got a new job at another company. Write a letter to him/her and say – How you feel about him/her. – What you enjoyed the most while working together. – Ask what his/her future plans are.
Write a letter to your English speaking friend to invite him/her to see a movie about your country. In your letter say – Describe the movie. – Why would he/she find it interesting? – Suggest an arrangement to watch the movie together.
Write a letter to a newspaper editor about the poor condition of a historic building in your area and say – What building are you writing about? – Describe the current condition of the building. – What should be done in this situation?
Write a letter of complaint about late delivery to the website where you ordered an item. Please say – What item did you order? – Why and when did you order that item? – How would you like them to resolve this issue?
You recently received an invitation to a three-day training program which should benefit you and the company. Write a letter to your manager and say – Ask to attend the program. – Describe the program. – Explain how the program will benefit the company.
“It is more important to have a good family than to have friends. Family can always compensate for the absence of friendship. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
“Production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has a heating effect on the atmosphere and results in global warming. Why global warming is considered one of the most serious issues nowadays? How can this problem be solved?”
“A lot of people have become dependent on technology as it plays a big role in our daily lives. Do you agree that living in the computer age has more advantages than disadvantages? Describe the positive and negative impacts of technology on our lives and give your opinion.”
“A lot of people spend a major part of their adult life at work, so job satisfaction is very important for individual happiness. What are the main factors that contribute to job satisfaction? What are the possible solutions for people who are unsatisfied with their jobs?”
“A lot of people who wanted to become professional athletes gave up this idea because of the fear of failure and parents’ pressure. Do you think that parents should support their children who want to do a career in sports? Support your point of view with relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.”
“A lot of places in the world rely on tourism as a main source of income. Unfortunately, tourism can also be a source of problems if it is not managed correctly. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of tourism in the modern world. Do you think that the benefits of tourism outweigh its drawbacks?”
“An increasing number of people are now using dating sites to meet their second halves. Do you think that this tendency helps people to socialize or does more harm than good? Give your opinion. Provide relevant examples if necessary.”
“Atomic energy is becoming more and more popular energy source. However, some people argue that nuclear power puts life on Earth to danger. What is your opinion?”
“Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary.”
“Childhood obesity has become a serious problem in recent years. What are the primary causes of this? What measures should be taken to reduce childhood obesity?”
“Children are generally more successful in foreign language studies than adults. Thus, it is better to learn languages in childhood. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.”
“Children engaged in sport are often overloaded with physical activity or get serious traumas. What are the main reasons for this? What solutions can you suggest?”
“Climate change is a big environmental problem that has become critical in the last couple of decades. Some people claim that humans should stop burning fossil fuels and use only alternative energy resources, such as wind and solar power. Others say that oil, gas, and coal are essential for many industries, and not using them will lead to economic collapse. What is your opinion? Support your point of view with relevant examples.”
“Despite a variety of sports facilities and gyms, people are less fit nowadays than ever before. What do you think are the main causes of this problem? What solutions can you suggest?”
“Each country censors the media in one way or the other. What are the pros and cons of censorship in the media?”
“Ecotourism is now defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment. What are the advantages of ecotourism? How can we make ecotourism more popular?”
“Email is a fast and convenient way to communicate, and written letters aren’t needed anymore. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?”
“Establishing good relationships in the workplace is not important, as the primary goal of every person is to focus on work. To what extent do you agree with this statement?”
“Everyone deserves to be educated. It’s unfair that intelligent people are not admitted to private universities because of their financial background. University education should be free for everyone. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary.”
“Famous sportsmen often earn a lot more money than people in other professions. Although sport is important in our lives, everyone should be equal and such big incomes of sports professionals are unjustified. Do you agree or disagree?”
“For a long time, art has been considered an essential part of all cultures in the world. However, nowadays people’s values have changed, and we tend to consider science, technology, and business more important than arts. What do you think are the causes of this? What can be done to draw people’s attention to art?”
“Forests produce fresh oxygen and participate in regulating climate. But every year the tree cover of our planet is lessening due to deforestation. What are the primary causes of deforestation? To what results may it lead?”
“Health education is an essential aspect of community health. Do you agree or disagree?”
“High job demands, stress, and sense of commitment are among the main reasons people go to work when they are ill. This way they accomplish important tasks but may infect others or get some serious health problems themselves. In your opinion should people go to work if they are sick? Support your point of view with relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.”
“Immigration has a major impact on society. What are the main reasons for immigration? To what consequences can it lead?”
“In contemporary society, everyone should have equal opportunities in education. Therefore, universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
“Influence of human beings on the world’s ecosystem is leading to the extinction of species and loss of biodiversity. What are the primary causes of loss of biodiversity? What solutions can you suggest?”
“It is better to have one true friend than all the acquaintances in the world. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?”
“It is commonly believed that nowadays the main factors that affect a child’s development are media, pop culture, and friends. A different point of view is that the family plays the most significant role. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
“It is much more convenient to watch a movie on television or computer than buy a ticket and go to the cinema. In the nearest future, the popularity of cinemas will drastically decline. Do you agree or disagree?”
“It is often claimed that electronic devices will soon replace paper books. Do you agree or disagree?”
“Many people think that to become a successful specialist it’s better to choose a career early in life and never change it later. To what extent do you agree with this view? Support your opinion with relevant examples.”
“Media surrounds us, from the shows we watch on television to the music we listen to on the radio. How does media affect society? Do you agree that the impact of media has more disadvantages than benefits?”
“More and more couples are deciding to be “child-free”, to have no children, in other words. Some people claim that those couples reach this conclusion through entirely selfish reasons. While others think that they came to this decision through noble motives, such as concern about overpopulation and desire for independence. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
“Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of teen deaths. To prevent such road accidents, the government should ban people under 24 to drive motorcycles. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
“Music plays a vital role in our society. How much has music influenced the way we think today? What do you think is the key role of music in nowadays world?”
“Nowadays a growing number of boys and girls within normal weight ranges have an intense fear of gaining weight and therefore get anorexia. Why do you think a lot of teenagers have a strong desire to be skinny? What can be done to prevent this eating disorder?”
“Nowadays families are not as close as they used to be. What do you think are the causes of this? What can be done to make families closer?”
“Nowadays more and more people have access to the Internet. But constant availability of any information worsens people’s memory and critical thinking skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
“Nowadays there is a wide range of TV programs. But instead of watching educational programs, news or documentary films, more and more people prefer to watch TV shows, soap operas or serials. And this negatively affects knowledge acquisition skills. What are the primary causes of this tendency? How is it possible to make educational TV programs more popular?”
“Nowadays university education is considered very important for people’s future. However, there are a lot of successful people who didn’t get higher education. Do you think that higher education is necessary to succeed in life? Justify your opinion with relevant examples.”
“Online education is becoming more and more popular. Some people claim that e-learning has so many benefits that it will replace face-to-face education soon. Others say that traditional education is irreplaceable. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
“Pollution of air, water, and soil has become critical in the last years and it takes millions of years to recoup. What are the main causes of pollution? How can we tackle this problem individually and globally?”
“Some people advocate the death penalty for those who committed violent crimes. Others say that capital punishment is unacceptable in contemporary society. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the death penalty and give your opinion.”
“Some people argue that girls and boys should be educated separately, while others think that it is more advantageous for children to study at the same school. What is your opinion?”
“Some people believe that violence on television and in computer games has a damaging effect on society. Others deny that these have any significant influence on people’s behavior. What is your opinion?”
“Some people claim that immigrants should adopt the local culture when immigrating to a new country. While others think that they can establish a minority community instead. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
“Some people claim that it is immoral to exploit animals and that the government should prohibit using animals for scientific research. In the meantime, others argue that exploiting animals is crucial for allowing scientists to learn more about human biology and health. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
“Some people claim that the government should provide free health care. Others think that the government will not provide the most innovative methods of treatment and it’s better to invest those funds in education and culture. What is your opinion?”
“Some people hesitate between getting a job and starting their own business. While the idea of not having a boss and working on one’s own schedule may sound tempting, financial risks and stress sometimes outweigh these advantages. In your opinion what are the pros and cons of working in a company?”
“Some people say that due to the growing number of unfit and overweight people sport should be made compulsory in all educational establishments. Others claim that only voluntary decision to do sport helps people to be fit, but compulsory physical education embarrasses and turns away students who don’t like sport. Give your opinion and support it with relevant examples.”
“Some people say that teenagers should work part-time and earn money. This way they will learn basic lessons about work and become more disciplined. Others argue that teenagers shouldn’t sacrifice their rest and after-school activities to work. Discuss both views and give your opinion.”
“Some people think that couples should live together before getting married to start knowing each other better and see if they are compatible. Others say that because of this tendency people become immoral and only deep emotional attachment makes a durable alliance. What is your opinion?”
“Some students work while studying. This often results in lacking time for education and constantly feeling under pressure. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?”
“Sometimes spouses have to live far away from each other. Maintaining a long-distance relationship is sometimes difficult and straining. What do you think are the main reasons for long-distance relationships? What can be done to help couples feel closer?”
“Students should focus on learning in the classroom rather than show their status by wearing fashionable clothes. Therefore, all students have to wear school uniforms. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?”
“Studying art in school improves students’ performance in other subjects because it is easier for multi-skilled students to learn new things. That’s why art should be obligatory in schools. Do you agree or disagree?”
“Technology provides us a lot of means to communicate. But now that people have the ability to talk to each other in a wider variety of methods, our communication, and social abilities have taken a step back. Why does technological advance hurt nontechnical communication? How can we solve this problem?”
“The air we breathe has a major impact on our health and the environment. However, air pollution is constantly growing and at current levels, it can be fought only globally. That is to say, individual efforts to improve air quality will not give any results, and it’s the sole responsibility of our governments to reduce air pollution. Do you agree or disagree?”
“The best way to travel is to travel in a group led by a tour guide. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?”
“The government should ban smoking in all public places, even though this would restrict some other people’s freedoms. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer.”
“The government should control the Internet to reduce cyber-crime and ensure the safety of users. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?”
“The government should pay to the parents of very young children so that one of them can stay at home and look after their children. What do you think are the pros and cons of this policy? Justify your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.”
“The government’s investment in arts, music, and theatre is a waste of money. Governments should invest these funds in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?”
“The planet’s population is reaching unsustainable levels, and people are facing a shortage of resources like water, food, and fuel. To what consequences may overpopulation lead? In your opinion, what measures can be taken to fight overpopulation?”
“There is no need to maintain a close relationship with distant relatives. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?”
“Today more people are overweight than ever before. What is your opinion are the primary causes of this? What measures can be taken to overcome this epidemic?”
“Tourism has negative environmental impacts on tourist areas. What are these impacts? How can damaging impacts be lessened?”
“Unemployment is one of the biggest problems of contemporary society. What do you think are the main causes of unemployment? What solutions can you suggest?”
“Violent TV-shows and aggressive video games should be banned on the governmental level. Do you agree or disagree?”
“Water pollution has been an increasing problem over the last few decades. What causes water pollution? How can we prevent this problem?”
“With a great variety of social networking websites, people often add complete strangers to their friend lists. Do you think that this tendency helps people to find new friends or is it just a means to increase their self-esteem? Justify your opinion with relevant examples.”
Comprehensive guide covering essential IELTS preparation strategies and techniques to help you achieve your target band score.
Originally published October 2020. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
The site consists of an exceptional urban setting encompassing the key natural elements that have shaped and inspired the development of the city: from the highest points of the Tijuca National Park’s mountains down to the sea. They also include the Botanical Gardens, established in 1808, Corcovado Mountain with its celebrated statue of Christ, and the hills around Guanabara Bay, including the extensive designed landscapes along Copacabana Bay which have contributed to the outdoor living culture of this spectacular city. Rio de Janeiro is also recognized for the artistic inspiration it has provided to musicians, landscapers and urbanists.
The city of Rio de Janeiro, shaped by interaction with mountains and sea, lies in the narrow strip of alluvial plain between Guanabara Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Its exceptionally dramatic landscape is punctuated by a series of forested mountains that tower over the city, rising to the uppermost peak of the Tijuca massif at 1,021 m high, and cascading down to the coast where the steep cone shapes of Sugar Loaf (Pão de Açúcar), Urca, Cara de Cão and Corcovado frame the wide sweeps of Guanabara Bay that shelters Rio de Janeiro from the Atlantic Ocean.
Cradled between these mountains and Guanabara Bay, the urban landscape of the city has been shaped by significant historical events, influenced by a diversity of cultures, is perceived to be of great beauty, and is celebrated in the arts, through painting and poetry in particular.
The property encompasses all the key natural, structural elements that have constrained and inspired the development of the city. These stretch from the highest points of the mountains of the Tijuca National Park with its restored Atlantic forest, down to the sea, and include the Botanical Gardens established in 1808, Corcovado mountain, with its statue of Christ, and the chain of dramatic steep green hills, Sugar Loaf, Pico, Leme and Glória, around Guanabara Bay, as well as the extensive designed landscapes on reclaimed land along Copacabana Bay which, together with Flamengo and other parks, have contributed to the outdoor living culture of the city.
The boundary includes all the best view points to appreciate the way nature has been shaped to become a significant cultural part of the city as well as the Guanabara Bay system of historic fortifications that gave Rio de Janeiro the character of a fortified city.
The city’s densest buildings sit on the narrow strips of alluvial land between the mountains and the sea laid out in irregular clusters of tall white blocks which contrast vividly with the green vegetation of the mountains and the blue of the sea. None of these buildings are included in the property, but a significant number are included in the buffer zone.
The property encompass all the key natural, structural elements that have constrained and inspired the development of the city of Rio, stretching from the highest points of the Tijuca mountains down to the sea, and including the chain of dramatic steep green hills around the Guanabara Bay, as well as the extensive designed landscapes on reclaimed land around the Bay, that have contributed to the outdoor living culture of the city.
None of these elements is under threat, although the interface between these natural elements and the built-up city is vulnerable to urban pressures, the higher peaks are marred by a profusion of antennae and the Rodrigo da Freitas Lagoon (in the buffer zone) and the sea are subject to a degree of water pollution.
The mountains and open green areas of the Tijuca National Park, together with Corcovado and the hills around the Guanabara Bay still retain a similar combination of forest and open observation points as at the time of colonisation and allow access to vistas of the city from many high vantage points that demonstrate very clearly the extraordinary fusion between culture and nature in the way the city has developed.
The Botanical Gardens have retained their original neoclassical design with its special alignments and the fortresses keep alive the memory of the Portuguese settlements, engraved and described by the travellers that navigated the marine routes that focused on Rio de Janeiro.
The landscape designs of Burle Marx around almost the entire coast of Guanabara Bay, comprising Flamengo Park and the redesign of Copacabana beach conserve entirely the landscape morphology of their original designs and still confer high social benefits to the city. However, in some instances elements of the designed landscape are vulnerable to incremental change – such as the paving and planting along Copacabana and Flamengo Park, where missing trees and mosaics need replacing, and in the Botanical Garden where the Imperial Palms along the main avenue are dead and need replacing.
Christ the RedeemerAntonym Trivia Across and Down Worksheet
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Christ the RedeemerSynonym Passage Worksheet
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Comprehensive guide covering essential IELTS preparation strategies and techniques to help you achieve your target band score.
Originally published October 2020. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
Founded, according to legend, by Romulus and Remus in 753 BC, Rome was first the centre of the Roman Republic, then of the Roman Empire, and it became the capital of the Christian world in the 4th century. The World Heritage site, extended in 1990 to the walls of Urban VIII, includes some of the major monuments of antiquity such as the Forums, the Mausoleum of Augustus, the Mausoleum of Hadrian, the Pantheon, Trajan’s Column and the Column of Marcus Aurelius, as well as the religious and public buildings of papal Rome.
The World Heritage property encompasses the whole historic centre of Rome within the city walls at their widest extent in the 17th century, as well as the Basilica of St. Paul’s Outside the Walls. The property, complex and stratified, includes outstanding archaeological areas integrated in the urban fabric, which result in a highly distinguished ensemble. Founded on the banks of the Tiber river in 753 B.C., according to legend, by Romulus and Remus, Rome was first the centre of the Roman Republic, then of the Roman Empire, and in the fourth century, became the capital of the Christian world. Ancient Rome was followed, from the 4th century on, by Christian Rome. The Christian city was built on top of the ancient city, reusing spaces, buildings and materials. From the 15th century on, the Popes promoted a profound renewal of the city and its image, reflecting the spirit of the Renaissance classicism and, later, of the Baroque. From its foundation, Rome has continually been linked with the history of humanity. As the capital of an empire which dominated the Mediterranean world for many centuries, Rome became thereafter the spiritual capital of the Christian world.
The World Heritage property Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura, contains all the essential elements needed to express its Outstanding Universal Value. The property encompasses the whole historic centre of Rome, first inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1980 and extended in 1990 to the walls of Urban VIII, to the Holy See’s extraterritorial properties, and to the Basilica of Saint Paul’s Outside the Walls, thereby ensuring the complete representation of the values previously recognized. The property, marked by a complex stratification, includes some of the most important artistic achievements in the history of humanity, such as the archaeological areas, the Christian Basilicas, and the masterpieces of Renaissance and Baroque art. The property is exposed to a number of threats, including development and environmental pressures, decay of historic buildings, natural disasters, visitor and tourism pressure, and changes in the social and economic framework of the city centre. There are also risks of vandalism and terrorism. All these are being addressed by the site managers.
The historic city, which has constantly changed throughout the centuries, today has a multifaceted and distinctive image. From the 19th century on, a careful and thorough policy has been implemented to protect its monumental and archaeological heritage, inspiring an intense activity of restoration, based on principles and laws born of scholarly discussions which were first tested here (restoration of the Colosseum, the Arch of Titus, etc.). Conservation work in Rome has gradually passed from individual monuments to the entire historic fabric of the city, leading to provisions for the protection of urban areas, which made it possible to maintain the integrity of an immense historic district. In Rome there is the Istituto Centrale del Restauro (now Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione e il Restauro), a prestigious international study centre which played a key role in drafting the Venice Restoration Charter and which helped to define conservation methodologies and tools. The city, centre of civilization from earliest times, today remains an extremely lively hub for meetings and exchange; it has a rich cultural, social and economic life, as well as being a leading destination for pilgrims and tourists. Rome, in all its activity, considers it a priority to preserve its outstanding cultural heritage and to ensure the effective protection of its authenticity.
Colosseum Antonym Trivia Across and Down Worksheet
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Colosseum Synonym Passage Worksheet
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Comprehensive guide covering essential IELTS preparation strategies and techniques to help you achieve your target band score.
Originally published October 2020. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
This sacred site was one of the greatest Mayan centres of the Yucatán peninsula. Throughout its nearly 1,000-year history, different peoples have left their mark on the city. The Maya and Toltec vision of the world and the universe is revealed in their stone monuments and artistic works. The fusion of Mayan construction techniques with new elements from central Mexico make Chichen-Itza one of the most important examples of the Mayan-Toltec civilization in Yucatán. Several buildings have survived, such as the Warriors’ Temple, El Castillo, and the circular observatory known as El Caracol.The town of Chichen-Itza was established during the Classic period close to two natural cavities (cenotes or chenes), which gave the town its name “At the edge of the well of the Itzaes”. The cenotes facilitated tapping the underground waters of the area. The dates for this settlement vary according to subsequent local accounts: one manuscript gives 415-35 A.D., while others mention 455 A.D. The town that grew up around the sector known as Chichen Viejo already boasted important monuments of great interest: the Nunnery, the Church, Akab Dzib, Chichan Chob, the Temple of the Panels, and the Temple of the Deer. They were constructed between the 6th and the 10th centuries in the characteristic Maya style then popular both in the northern and southern areas of the Puuc hills. The second settlement of Chichen-Itza, and the most important for historians, corresponded to the migration of Toltec warriors from the Mexican plateau towards the south during the 10th century. According to the most common version, the King of Tula, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, or Kukulkan as the Maya translated the name, reportedly took the city between 967 A.D. and 987 A.D. Following the conquest of Yucatán, a new style blending the Maya and Toltec traditions developed, symbolizing the phenomenon of acculturation. Chichen-Itza is a clear illustration of this fusion. Specific examples are, in the group of buildings to the south, the Caracol, a circular stellar observatory whose spiral staircase accounts for its name, and, to the north, El Castillo (also known as the Temple of Kukulkan). Surrounding El Castillo are terraces where the major monumental complexes were built: on the north-west are the Great Ball Court, Tzompantli or the Skull Wall, the temple known as the Jaguar Temple, and the House of Eagles; on the north-east are the Temple of the Warriors, the Group of the Thousand Columns, the Market and the Great Ball Court; on the south-west is the Tomb of the High Priest. After the 13th century, no major monuments seem to have been constructed at Chichen-Itza and the city rapidly declined after around 1440 A.D. The ruins were not excavated until 1841 A.D. Passage Source: World Heritage Site UNESCO
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Comprehensive guide covering essential IELTS preparation strategies and techniques to help you achieve your target band score.
Originally published September 2020. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage.
The Taj Mahal is located on the right bank of the Yamuna River in a vast Mughal garden that encompasses nearly 17 hectares, in the Agra District in Uttar Pradesh. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal with construction starting in 1632 AD and completed in 1648 AD, with the mosque, the guest house and the main gateway on the south, the outer courtyard and its cloisters were added subsequently and completed in 1653 AD. The existence of several historical and Quaranic inscriptions in Arabic script have facilitated setting the chronology of Taj Mahal. For its construction, masons, stone-cutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from the Central Asia and Iran. Ustad-Ahmad Lahori was the main architect of the Taj Mahal.
The Taj Mahal is considered to be the greatest architectural achievement in the whole range of Indo-Islamic architecture. Its recognised architectonic beauty has a rhythmic combination of solids and voids, concave and convex and light shadow; such as arches and domes further increases the aesthetic aspect. The colour combination of lush green scape reddish pathway and blue sky over it show cases the monument in ever changing tints and moods. The relief work in marble and inlay with precious and semi precious stones make it a monument apart.
The uniqueness of Taj Mahal lies in some truly remarkable innovations carried out by the horticulture planners and architects of Shah Jahan. One such genius planning is the placing of tomb at one end of the quadripartite garden rather than in the exact centre, which added rich depth and perspective to the distant view of the monument. It is also, one of the best examples of raised tomb variety. The tomb is further raised on a square platform with the four sides of the octagonal base of the minarets extended beyond the square at the corners. The top of the platform is reached through a lateral flight of steps provided in the centre of the southern side. The ground plan of the Taj Mahal is in perfect balance of composition, the octagonal tomb chamber in the centre, encompassed by the portal halls and the four corner rooms. The plan is repeated on the upper floor. The exterior of the tomb is square in plan, with chamfered corners. The large double storied domed chamber, which houses the cenotaphs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan, is a perfect octagon in plan. The exquisite octagonal marble lattice screen encircling both cenotaphs is a piece of superb workmanship. It is highly polished and richly decorated with inlay work. The borders of the frames are inlaid with precious stones representing flowers executed with wonderful perfection. The hues and the shades of the stones used to make the leaves and the flowers appear almost real. The cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal is in perfect centre of the tomb chamber, placed on a rectangular platform decorated with inlaid flower plant motifs. The cenotaph of Shah Jahan is greater than Mumtaz Mahal and installed more than thirty years later by the side of the latter on its west. The upper cenotaphs are only illusory and the real graves are in the lower tomb chamber (crypt), a practice adopted in the imperial Mughal tombs.
The four free-standing minarets at the corners of the platform added a hitherto unknown dimension to the Mughal architecture. The four minarets provide not only a kind of spatial reference to the monument but also give a three dimensional effect to the edifice.
The most impressive in the Taj Mahal complex next to the tomb, is the main gate which stands majestically in the centre of the southern wall of the forecourt. The gate is flanked on the north front by double arcade galleries. The garden in front of the galleries is subdivided into four quarters by two main walk-ways and each quarters in turn subdivided by the narrower cross-axial walkways, on the Timurid-Persian scheme of the walled in garden. The enclosure walls on the east and west have a pavilion at the centre.
The Taj Mahal is a perfect symmetrical planned building, with an emphasis of bilateral symmetry along a central axis on which the main features are placed. The building material used is brick-in-lime mortar veneered with red sandstone and marble and inlay work of precious/semi precious stones. The mosque and the guest house in the Taj Mahal complex are built of red sandstone in contrast to the marble tomb in the centre. Both the buildings have a large platform over the terrace at their front. Both the mosque and the guest house are the identical structures. They have an oblong massive prayer hall consist of three vaulted bays arranged in a row with central dominant portal. The frame of the portal arches and the spandrels are veneered in white marble. The spandrels are filled with flowery arabesques of stone intarsia and the arches bordered with rope molding.
Integrity is maintained in the intactness of tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the whole Taj Mahal complex. The physical fabric is in good condition and structural stability, nature of foundation, verticality of the minarets and other constructional aspects of Taj Mahal have been studied and continue to be monitored. To control the impact of deterioration due for atmospheric pollutants, an air control monitoring station is installed to constantly monitor air quality and control decay factors as they arise. To ensure the protection of the setting, the adequate management and enforcement of regulations in the extended buffer zone is needed. In addition, future development for tourist facilities will need to ensure that the functional and visual integrity of the property is maintained, particularly in the relationship with the Agra Fort.The tomb, mosque, guest house, main gate and the overall Taj Mahal complex have maintained the conditions of authenticity at the time of inscription. Although an important amount of repairs and conservation works have been carried out right from the British period in India these have not compromised to the original qualities of the buildings. Future conservation work will need to follow guidelines that ensure that qualities such as form and design continue to be preserved.
Taj Mahal Antonym Trivia Across and Down Worksheet Find the Antonym of the highlighted word from the word box. Complete the crossword puzzle. Antonyms are the words or phrases that represent the opposite meaning.
Taj Mahal Antonym trivia Worksheet Find the antonym of the highlighted word from the word box. Complete the crossword puzzle. Antonyms are the words or phrases that represent the opposite meaning.
Taj Mahal Synonym Antonym Worksheet Write a synonym and an antonym for each word. Use the words in the word box to fill the blanks. Antonyms are the words or phrases that represent the opposite meaning.Synonyms are the words or phrases that represent a similar meaning.
Taj Mahal Synonym Passage Worksheet Replace the words in the passage with appropriate synonyms. Synonyms are the words or phrases that represent a similar meaning.
Taj Mahal Synonym Trivia Across and Down Worksheet Find the Synonym of the highlighted word from the word box. Complete the crossword puzzle. Antonyms are the words or phrases that represent the opposite meaning.
Taj Mahal Synonym trivia Worksheet Complete the puzzle with the words that are synonyms to the hints. Synonyms are the words or phrases that represent a similar meaning.
Do you want to learn how to create a agree/disagree/opinion essay worthy of a high band score in writing task 2? Learn the structure needed, useful vocabulary and take a look at the sample answer
Young people prefer listening to music rather than listening to the news on the radio. Is this a positive or a negative trend? Provide reasons and examples for your opinion.
Nowadays celebrities are more famous for their glamour and wealth than for their achievements, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
When designing building, the intended use of the building should be taken in into account as important rather than the outward appearance? To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people consider price as the most important thing to think about when buying products (such as cellphones) or services (medical treatments) do you agree or disagree?
Students perform better in school when they are rewarded rather than punished. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The maintenance of public libraries is a waste of money because of computer technologies that have the same function. To what extent to you agree and disagree?
Some people believe that watching television is bad for children. Other people believe that watching television is educational for children. Which opinion do you agree with and why? Give specific details and examples in your answer.
The government should close companies that produce toxic waste materials without their own waste treatment facility in order to protect the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Protecting the Environment is the responsibility of the government. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Some people believe that not all criminals should be kept in prison, but that some of them should be allowed to do unpaid work to help the community. Do you agree or disagree?
Do you want to learn how to create a agree/disagree/opinion essay worthy of a high band score in writing task 2? Learn the structure needed, useful vocabulary and take a look at the sample answer
Young people prefer listening to music rather than listening to the news on the radio. Is this a positive or a negative trend? Provide reasons and examples for your opinion.
Nowadays celebrities are more famous for their glamour and wealth than for their achievements, and this sets a bad example to young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
When designing building, the intended use of the building should be taken in into account as important rather than the outward appearance? To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some people consider price as the most important thing to think about when buying products (such as cellphones) or services (medical treatments) do you agree or disagree?
Students perform better in school when they are rewarded rather than punished. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The maintenance of public libraries is a waste of money because of computer technologies that have the same function. To what extent to you agree and disagree?
Some people believe that watching television is bad for children. Other people believe that watching television is educational for children. Which opinion do you agree with and why? Give specific details and examples in your answer.
The government should close companies that produce toxic waste materials without their own waste treatment facility in order to protect the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Protecting the Environment is the responsibility of the government. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Some people believe that not all criminals should be kept in prison, but that some of them should be allowed to do unpaid work to help the community. Do you agree or disagree?
Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which soon became a place of pilgrimage. Among the pilgrims was the Indian emperor Ashoka, who erected one of his commemorative pillars there. The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the birth of the Lord Buddha form a central feature.
The Lord Buddha was born in 623 BC in the sacred area of Lumbini located in the Terai plains of southern Nepal, testified by the inscription on the pillar erected by the Mauryan Emperor Asoka in 249 BC. Lumbini is one of the holiest places of one of the world’s great religions, and its remains contain important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from as early as the 3rd century BC.
The complex of structures within the archaeological conservation area includes the Shakya Tank; the remains within the Maya Devi Temple consisting of brick structures in a cross-wall system dating from the 3rd century BC to the present century and the sandstone Ashoka pillar with its Pali inscription in Brahmi script. Additionally, there are the excavated remains of Buddhist viharas (monasteries) of the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD and the remains of Buddhist stupas (memorial shrines) from the 3rd century BC to the 15th century AD. The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the birth of the Lord Buddha form a central feature.
Practice tests are most valuable when used strategically. Simply completing tests without reflection leads to minimal improvement. Follow these steps for maximum benefit.
Before the Test
Set up proper test conditions — quiet room, no interruptions, strict timing
Use a printed answer sheet for Listening and Reading if possible
Have a stopwatch or timer visible throughout
During the Test
Listening: Use the preparation time to read questions ahead. Write answers as you hear them.
Reading: Spend no more than 20 minutes per passage. If stuck on a question, move on and return later.
Writing: Allocate 20 minutes for Task 1 and 40 minutes for Task 2. Plan before you write.
Speaking: Record yourself and listen back to identify areas for improvement.
After the Test
Score your Listening and Reading using the official answer key.
Review every wrong answer — understand why the correct answer is right.
Identify patterns in your mistakes (e.g., consistently missing matching questions).
For Writing, compare your response against the model answer and band descriptors.
Create a focused study plan targeting your weakest areas before the next practice test.
Originally published on IELTS Achieve. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
Do you want to learn how to create a positive/negative essay worthy of a high band score in writing task 2? Learn the structure needed, useful vocabulary and take a look at the sample answer
Young people prefer listening to music rather than listening to the news on the radio. Is this a positive or a negative trend? Provide reasons and examples for your opinion.
Companies spend millions each year on advertising online, in magazines and on billboards. These adverts can encourage people to buy goods that they do not really need. What are the positive and negative effects of consumerism?
Some car manufacturing companies have stated that there is a possibility that we will see flying cars in the future. Why is this going to happen? Will it be a positive or negative development?
More and more people are finding it increasingly important to wear fashionable clothes. Is this attitude to wearing clothes a positive or negative development?
How to Write a Positive or Negative Development Essay
This essay type asks you to evaluate whether a given trend or situation is positive, negative, or both. Your task is to present a clear opinion supported by specific reasons and examples.
Essay Structure
Introduction: Paraphrase the statement, then clearly state whether you consider it a positive or negative development (or both).
Body Paragraph 1: Discuss the positive aspects with specific examples and explanations.
Body Paragraph 2: Discuss the negative aspects (if arguing “both”) or provide further support for your position.
Conclusion: Restate your position and summarise the key reasons.
Common Topics
The trend of people working from home
The increasing use of technology in education
Young people leaving rural areas for cities
The growth of international tourism
The rise of social media communication
Key Phrases
Positive
Negative
This is largely a positive development because…
The drawbacks of this trend outweigh the benefits…
One significant advantage is…
A major concern is that…
This has led to improvements in…
This has resulted in a decline in…
Originally published on IELTS Achieve. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
The IELTS Listening test consists of four sections with 40 questions total. You hear each recording only once, so preparation and practice with the format are essential.
Test Structure
Section
Context
Speakers
Questions
Section 1
Everyday social context
2 speakers (dialogue)
10
Section 2
Everyday social context
1 speaker (monologue)
10
Section 3
Educational/training context
2-4 speakers (discussion)
10
Section 4
Academic context
1 speaker (lecture)
10
Question Types You Will Encounter
Form/note completion: Fill in gaps with words from the recording
Multiple choice: Choose the correct answer from options
Matching: Match items from two lists
Map/plan/diagram labelling: Label locations or parts
Sentence completion: Complete sentences with words from the recording
Essential Tips
Read questions during preparation time to predict what you will hear.
Listen for synonyms and paraphrases — answers are rarely stated using the exact words from the question.
Check the word limit carefully (e.g., “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”).
Transfer answers carefully during the 10-minute transfer time at the end.
Originally published on IELTS Achieve. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
