A detailed guide to this IELTS Writing Task 2 essay type, with structure templates, useful vocabulary, and techniques to achieve Band 7+.
Originally published December 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
The Academic IELTS Writing Test has two separate writing tasks in 60 minutes. For each part, you will receive a question paper and an answer sheet. You can make notes on the question paper, only the text on the answer sheet will be marked by the examiner. You can write your answers in pen or pencil and correct when necessary. You cannot use a dictionary or any electronic devices.
IELTS Academic and General Training students do different tests for part 1 but complete the same test for part 2. Both Academic and General Training students write a discursive essay in writing task 2 - but the difficulty of the question will differ. All students should learn how to write this type of essay. In writing task 2 you will be asked to write an essay (250 words minimum) on a specific topic. You should leave 40 minutes for this during the test, which includes time to check your work. Each essay has a slightly different structure, you can learn about those structures in the other posts in the writing task 2 section.
Requirements from universities and immigration agencies vary. Most students will need at least a band score 6 for undergraduate study. For postgraduate study or immigration, a band score 7 is generally required.
One of the first things you should do is read the marking criteria to see what the examiners expect. This is really important, as you need to know what they are looking for in the band 7+ boxes. You should be able to give the examiners exactly what they want, in order to get a 7+ band score.
In the IELTS writing task 2 essay, you will be assessed on the four main areas:
Task Achievement
Coherence and Cohesion
Lexical Resource
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Marking Criteria for IELTS Writing task 2 Band Score 7
Task Achievement
In this section, you must be able to 'addresses all parts of the task, presents a clear position throughout the response, presents extends and supports main ideas but there may be a tendency to overgeneralise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus' this means that you are able to answer all parts of the question and that your information is relevant, but some of it may be too general or lack focus.
Coherence and Cohesion
In this section, you must produce an answer that can be easily understood by the reader (the examiner!). The criteria states that you should be able to 'logically organise information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout' this means that you have organised your information in easy to read paragraphs and the paragraphs have a good structure.
The criterion also states that you should 'use a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under/overuse'. This refers to the use of linking words and cohesive devices - such as; firstly, secondly, in addition, one the one hand, on the other hand, furthermore, therefore, etc. but there may be too many or too few. It also says that you should 'presents a clear central topic within each paragraph' this means that you write about one idea in each main body paragraph.
Lexical Resource
In this section the examiner will be looking at your vocabulary, making sure the words you have used are correct for this type of task. In the criteria, it states 'uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision'. It is therefore important for you to study terms and keywords that can help you to gain a 7+ score in this task. There may also be 'occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation' There may be some repetition of words and a few errors.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
In the marking criteria, it states 'uses a variety of complex structures, produces frequent error-free sentences, has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors'. You have to write clear error-free sentences in this essay, as many grammatical or spelling errors will make the writing unclear and hard to follow. If the text has more than 25% errors, this will bring the score down. You also need to show that you have used the appropriate sentence structures, necessary for a formal academic essay.
Marking Criteria for IELTS Writing task 2 Band Score 8
Task Achievement
In this section, you must be able to 'addresses all parts of the task, presents a clear position throughout the response, presents extends and supports main ideas' this means that you are able to answer all parts of the question and that your response is relevant and well developed. This should be very clear in your answer. You should also support your views/arguments with specific examples.
Coherence and Cohesion
In this section, you must produce an answer that can be easily understood by the reader (the examiner!). The criteria state that you should be able to 'sequences information and ideas logically, manages all aspects of cohesion well, uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately' this means that you have organised your information in easy to read paragraphs and the paragraphs have a good structure, with only one main idea in each of the main body paragraphs.
The criterion also states that you should 'manages all aspects of cohesion well'. This refers to the use of linking words and cohesive devices - such as; firstly, secondly, in addition, one the one hand, on the other hand, furthermore, therefore, etc.
Lexical Resource
In this section the examiner will be looking at your vocabulary, making sure the words you have used are correct for this type of task. In the criteria, it states 'uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meanings'. It is therefore important for you to study terms and keywords that can help you to gain a 7+ score in this task.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
In the marking criteria, it states 'uses a wide range of structures, the majority of sentences are error-free, makes only very occasional errors or inappropriaces'. There will be clear error-free sentences in this essay and most of the writing will have the appropriate sentence structures, necessary for a formal academic essay.
There are practice tests you can download from the British Council.
Fluency and Coherence You should be able to speak without hesitation, have natural pauses, be able to order your ideas and connect them when telling a story.
Lexical Resource Be able to demonstrate the ability to use advanced vocabulary, synonyms, antonyms, intensifiers, collocations and idioms.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy Use complex senetences, connecting words, a variety of tenses, passive voice, conditionals.
Pronunciation Show that you can make individuals sounds, connecting sounds, word stress, sentence stress and intonation.
Do you know your own strengths and weaknesses? Do you practice speaking English regularly?
Hopefully, the answer to both of those questions is yes. You need to be able to identify your strengths and weaknesses so that you know where you need to improve, to reach the band score you want. Having lessons with a native speaking teacher is worth it so that they can identify your weaknesses and help you to work on them.
Looking at the table below, where would you say you are right now?
How can you start to improve?
Making a study plan and following it is a really great idea to get started. Read the sections below and get some ideas on how you can improve in all four areas of the IELTS Speaking Test marking criteria.
Fluency And Coherence
How can you improve Fluency and Coherence?
Practice with as many resources as you can for part 1, part 2 and part 3 questions. For parts 2 and 3 you should read the practice questions and see how well you understand them. Think of examples you can use in your answers and the structure of your answers. The part two answer should sound natural and be well structured, which can be challenging. In part 3 the answers should be extended and ideas should be linked.
Lexical Resource
How can you improve Lexical Resource?
For example, you could listen to podcasts and TED Talks, find a speaking partner to practice with and read some English news (online from the BBC News website or the Guardian) every night. You could also make vocabulary flashcards, listen to English music, listen to TED Talks and record yourself giving a summary of what you have heard. It is such a good idea to partner up with other IELTS students and practice speaking via Skype/Facetime etc. Take a look in the IELTS ACHIEVE Facebook group and meet someone you can start practising with.
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
How can you improve the Grammatical Range and Accuracy?
It is a good idea to record yourself speaking, answer some speaking mock questions, record yourself, then listen back to the recording and identify any errors you have made. You can check if your answer included the following:
Did you use the correct tense, did the verbs agree with the subjects?
Did you use complex sentences?
Did you use the passive voice and conditionals?
Did you use connecting words? Such as; before, after, because and although.
Alternatively, book lessons with a native speaking teacher and they will help you to improve.
Pronunciation
How can you improve Pronunciation?
One way to improve your pronunciation is to listen to native speakers, on the radio, tv or through TED Talks. Listen carefully to how the speakers pronounce words, how do they emphasise their points? Where do they place the word stress? Another way is to look up the pronunciation of words, practice saying them out loud and record yourself. You can then listen to the recording and see if you have made any errors. If you find it difficult to identify your own errors, then booking lessons with a native speaking English teacher who will correct you is the best way to improve.
Practice More
It's fine to practice with past paper questions and other questions you may find online, but it is much better and beneficial for you to practice talking to people in real life. Say for example you have a friend who lives in the UK or the USA, make time to Skype with them and gossip! Or ask them to ask you some questions and give you feedback on how well you answered. Did they hear any errors? Could they understand you clearly? If you are already living in the UK (or another English speaking country) talk to friends, work colleagues etc about everyday subjects. Talk about the news 'Did you see....... that story in the news? What did you think about it?.....' Everyone has an opinion on popular news stories.
Just get talking about anything that interests you, so that you can practice.
Extend Your Answers
When you practice speaking to your partner, friends or work colleagues, practice extending your answers.
For example, if someone asks you:
What did you do at the weekend?
Answer 1 Nothing much, you?
Answer 2 I went to town on Saturday to have a look around, then had a coffee from my favourite coffee shop run by the hipsters next to Marks and Spencers. After that, I took my dog to the park where he played for a couple of hours with his friends. Finally, when it started to get dark, we went home and watched catch-up TV together on the sofa. On Sunday, I just relaxed, cleaned the house, then met some friends at the beach for a game of volleyball.
Answer 1 is not a good answer because it is short and doesn't give away any information. Answer 2 is better because it answers the question, gives detail (extends) and includes components needed to score well on the marking criteria.
You need to show the examiner that you can answer the question, give more information (expand) and give an example. Even if that example is made up, that is ok as the examiner will not know (make it sound realistic though!).
What are you going to do to improve your speaking? Let us know in the comments below:
Expert tips and strategies for this part of the IELTS Speaking test. Includes sample responses and key vocabulary for Band 7+.
Originally published August 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
In this post, we will look at the most common IELTS Speaking Topics.
It is hard to predict or plan for the type of topics that will come up in the speaking test. You should not try and rehearse memorised answers, as you never know what you might be asked.
According to research on past papers and from my past students, here is a list of common topics:
IELTS Speaking Part 1
In part 1 of the speaking test, you will be asked about familiar topics, such as your hobbies, family life and hometown. The list below shows the topics that may come up in the test.
Your country/Hometown
Family life
Friendship
Work
Education
Hobbies
Your Interests
Cinema/Movies
Reading/Books
Travel/Holidays
Shopping
Free time/Weekends
TV shows
Eating out/Restaurants
To practice with past question please take a look at Speaking Part 1 in more detail.
IELTS Speaking Part 2
In part two of the speaking test, you will get a cue card with a question that requires you to talk at length for 1-2 minutes. You are able to make notes for 1 minute to prepare. The list below shows the topics that may come up;
Health
Work
Education
Travel
The environment
A friend
A teacher
Something you own
Hobbies
Sports
Restaurants
Childhood
Technology
Party/Occasion
To practice with past question please take a look at Speaking Part 2 in more detail.
IELTS Speaking Part 3
In part 3 of the speaking test, you will go further into the topic relating to part 2. This will allow you to talk in-depth and offer your opinions and thoughts on the chosen subject. The list below shows the topics that may come up;
Travel
Education
Work
Health
Technology
The internet
Social Media
The environment
Healthy Eating/Lifestyle
Music
Crime/Justice
Sports
Hobbies
To practice with past questions please take a look at Speaking Part 3 in more detail.
Review And Strategy
It would be really hard to predict the topics that might come up on the speaking test, so you should continue to practice talking about everyday topics in English, as often as you can.
Remember that it is highly likely that the examiner will expect you to do the following if you wish to achieve a high band score:
To give your opinion
Talk about the past, present or future
Explain your views
Support your views with examples
Tell a story in your examples (logically)
Compare and contrast
I hope that you have found this post helpful if you have any questions please write them in the comments below.
Expert tips and strategies for this part of the IELTS Speaking test. Includes sample responses and key vocabulary for Band 7+.
Originally published August 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
In this post, see the top 10 speaking part 1 tips that will help you to achieve a band score 7 or above.
The IELTS Speaking Test lasts 11-14 minutes.
The test has three parts, where you are interviewed by a trained examiner. You are not allowed to use a dictionary during the test. IELTS Academic and IELTS General students take the same test and it is marked in the same way.
PART 1 INFORMATION
To begin with, the examiner will introduce themselves to you, then ask you your name and for proof of identity.
Time:4-5 minutes You will be asked questions on familiar topics, like your hobbies, family, where you are from, what your hometown/city is like, etc.
The topics that are included:
Your studies/education
Hobbies/sports
Your family
What kind of movies, books, tv shows or music you like
What you like to eat / where you like to eat
Your job
Where you live
To view sample questions and answers on a variety of part 1 speaking topics, take a look at the other posts in this section.
Take a read through our top ten tips below, that will help you to gain a band score of 7 or above!
Speaking Tips
Tip 1: Be Prepared
As well as being prepared for the test questions on the day of your exam, you should also be aware of what to expect in terms of getting to the test centre and the beginning of the test. Arrive in plenty of time, so that you are not under pressure/late and have time to relax before the test.
The examiner will introduce themselves and ask you for your name and proof of identity (Passport etc), to begin with. They will also ask you where you are from, which requires a simple answer - this is more of a formality, so you don't have to extend your answer here, but simply state, for example; "I am from Romania' (or name the town/city etc you are from and where).
Take a look at this post for help with how to prepare for the speaking part 1 test..
Tip 2: Make A Good First Impression
Try to be relaxed and confident, having confidence will help you to do well in your test. Make eye contact with the examiner and answer any questions in a polite manner. Try to keep your body language friendly and open. Think of it as a natural conversation and try to stay calm, like you are talking to your IELTS teacher or practice partner.
Tip 3: Listen Carefully
Listen carefully to the examiner, so that you understand the questions and can answer in an appropriate way. You should also be listening for tenses - for example; "What TV Shows did you use to like as a child?' then you know that you should answer in the past tense - 'I used to watch.....'
You should also listen out for any yes/no questions and remember to answer and give reasons. Take a look at this post for help with how to answer those yes/no questions.
Tip 4: Show Enthusiasm
Show that you are interested in the questions by answering with enthusiasm, even if you are not really interested in the subject. Native speakers show enthusiasm by varying the pitch of their voice (intonation - the voice falls and rises) to show how they feel about something.
Listen to examples and think about how native speakers talk when answering questions, what happens to their voice? It gets higher when they are interested or excited by a subject and it falls when they are not happy or disinterested.
Watch the video clip below from the US TV show 'Friends' and see how the intonation falls and rises when the actors talk - can you notice the difference? How does it impact on what they are saying?
Tip 5: Extend Your Answers
When giving your answers, try to make sure that they are not too short - for example, if the examiner asks you what is your favourite TV show, saying 'I really like Peaky Blinders' is too short.
You can expand your answer by adding more detail of what it is about, and why you like it so much for example; 'I really like the BBC drama Peaky Blinders, it has an excellent cast and the writing keeps me interested in the story. There is lots of action, as the story is centred on a gangster family in 1920's Birmingham, who are up to no good!'.
The answers in part 1 should not be too long either, talking for 2 minutes or more is far too long, parts 2 and 3 will allow you to speak for a longer time and go into more detail.
You should aim to use more than one clause when you give your answers, for example;
Q: Do you work or study?
A: I work at the moment but I continue my studies at the same time. I continue to learn through courses and gain new qualifications every year, this means my knowledge is always up to date.
Take a look at this post for more information on how to extend your answers.
Tip 6: Be Confident
Show your confidence by speaking clearly and at a normal level. Don't speak too loudly or quietly, make sure the examiner can understand and hear your answers. Have faith in yourself, to answer whatever questions you get to the best of your ability.
When answering the questions, try to be as honest as possible, telling the examiner your thoughts, feeling and opinions, for example:
Q: Do you think vacations are becoming more and more important?
A: Yes, I think that many people are working longer hours and have more stress than ever placed upon them. taking a break is necessary to unwind and recharge so that they can let go of the stress and focus on their own well-being.
Tip 8: Study/Look at past questions and sample answers
Look at past questions and sample answers to get an idea of how you can extend your answers and the type of questions that come up. There are some speaking topics that are popular, regularly being used over and over, which include;
Your studies/education
Hobbies/sports
Your family
What kind of movies, books, tv shows or music you like
What you like to eat / where you like to eat
Your job
Where you live
You may also be asked questions about any topic, recently there have been questions about flowers and photography. Going back to tip 7 - be honest, answer any questions you get with honesty, telling the examiner your own opinions, thoughts and views. Do not memorise answers to recite to the examiner, they will be able to tell and ask you something else.
Tip 9: Read The Criteria
You should read through the marking criteria and be aware of what is required for a band score 7 or above. Many students do not do this and have no idea what they need to achieve in order to get the band score they want. Read it, understand it and aim to achieve it. Ask your IELTS teacher for help to understand it and to see the level you are at now.
You should also read the scoring information to see how the band scores are given:
Tip 10: Practice
Practice as much as possible with your native speaking IELTS teacher, a partner or friend. Take a look at the most common topics (see the other posts in this section) and practice answering those questions. A good way to listen for errors is to record yourself speaking. Listen to your recording and notice any errors you have made, including grammar mistakes, pronunciation, intonation and fluency. Keep practising and use the posts in this section to help you.
Expert tips and strategies for this part of the IELTS Speaking test. Includes sample responses and key vocabulary for Band 7+.
Originally published July 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
In this post, we will be looking in-depth at English pronunciation.
While you are preparing for your IELTS Speaking Test it is important that you understand the marking criteria. Pronunciation counts for 25% of your speaking score, therefore it is vital that you understand what the examiner wants. Getting individual sounds correct is really important in order to gain a band score of 5 or higher. You will be able to achieve a higher score if you can demonstrate your ability to form individual sounds correctly; word stress, sentence stress, intonation (pitch), pausing and chunking, elision (dropping individual sounds), assimilation (changing individual sounds when you speak quickly) and linking (moving sounds from the end of one word to the beginning of the next).
In the IELTS Speaking Test, any form of pronunciation from British, American, Canadian, Australian etc is accepted.
Pronunciation
Pronunciation is the act or manner of speaking a word. Many words in English are not pronounced the way they are spelt, and some sounds can be represented by more than one combination of letters.
One of the most important aspects of the IELTS Speaking Test is pronunciation. Without clear pronunciation, it is difficult to make yourself understood. Native speakers emphasise the most important words in a sentence by pronouncing them slowly and loudly. Have you ever noticed this?
Word Stress
When you are speaking English the words you stress can change the underlying meaning of a sentence.
For example: look at the following sentence: I don't think that is a good idea.
This simple sentence can have many levels of meaning based on the word you stress. Consider the meaning of the following sentences with the stressed word in bold. Read each sentence aloud and give a strong stress to the word in bold:
I don't think that is a good idea. Meaning - other people might think it is a good idea.
I don't think that is a good idea. Meaning - it's not true that I think it is a good idea.
I don't think that is a good idea. Meaning - I'm not sure if it is a good idea.
“There is a great deal of evidence that native speakers rely very much on the stress pattern of words when they are listening. In fact, experiments have demonstrated that often when a native speaker mishears a word, it is because the foreigner has put the stress in the wrong place, not because he or she mispronounced the sound of the word.”— Joanne Kenworthy, Teaching English Pronunciation. Longman, 1987
Punctuation
Use punctuation to help your pronunciation by adding a pause after each period, comma, semicolon or colon. By using punctuation to guide you when you pause, you will begin to speak in a more natural manner.
For example: I'm going to visit my friends in London. They have a beautiful house in Chelsea, so I'm staying with them for one week.
In this example, pause after 'London' and 'Chelsea'. This will help anyone who's listening to you follow you more easily. On the other hand, if you rush through the sentences, where the periods and commas (and other punctuation marks) would be, your pronunciation will sound unnatural and it will be difficult for listeners to follow your thoughts.
Intonation
Intonation is the act of raising and the lowering of the voice when speaking. In other words, intonation refers to the voice rising and falling. We use the pitch of our voice to change the meaning of what we are saying.
For example: Look at the questions below and then say them out loud, raising your voice on the last words, this allows the listener to know you are asking them a question:
Raising Your Voice at the End of a Question If the question is a yes / no question, the voice rises at the end of a question. Do you like living in Greece? Have you lived here for a long time? Did you visit any of the Ionian Islands last month?
Falling Voice at the End of a Question If the question is an information question - in other words, if you are asking a question with 'where', 'when', 'what', 'which', 'why', 'what / which kind of..', and questions with 'how' - let your voice fall at then end of a question.
Where are you going to stay on holiday this year?
When did you leave your town?
How long have you lived in the UK?
When using a question to clarify some information, let your voice rise to let the listener know that you expect more information.
Jane isn't going to be at the restaurant, is she?
You understand your position here, don't you?
We aren't expected to finish the assignment by Tuesday, are we?
We also use a specific type of intonation when using commas in a list.
For example: John enjoys playing volleyball, swimming, kayaking, and quad biking. In this example, the voice rises after each item on the list. For the final item, let the voice fall. In other words, 'volleyball', 'swimming', and 'kayaking' all rise in intonation. The final activity, 'quad biking', falls in intonation.
Practice with a few more examples;
We bought some gluten-free pasta, bananas, orange juice and potatoes.
Maria wants to go to New York, Barcelona, Rome, and Athens.
Expert tips and strategies for this part of the IELTS Speaking test. Includes sample responses and key vocabulary for Band 7+.
Originally published July 2017. Last reviewed 3 July 2026.
The IELTS Speaking Test lasts 11-14 minutes.
The test has three parts, where you are interviewed by a trained examiner. You are not allowed to use a dictionary during the test. IELTS Academic and IELTS General students take the same test and it is marked in the same way.
The three parts of the test are as follows;
IELTS Speaking Part 1
Duration: 4-5 minutes
You will be asked questions on familiar topics, like your hobbies, family, where you are from, what your hometown/city is like, etc.
The topics might include;
Your studies/education
Hobbies/sports
Your family
What kind of movies, books, tv shows or music you like
What you like to eat / where you like to eat
Your job
Where you live
IELTS Speaking Part 2
Duration:3-4 minutes
First, the examiner will give you one minute to think about the question and make notes. Next, you will speak for 1-2 minutes uninterrupted. Then the examiner will ask you a further two or three questions about what you have said.
For example: you might be asked a question like this on your cue card >>
"Describe an interesting place you have visited"
You should say;
When you visited?
What you did when you were there?
What activities you could do there?
Would you recommend it to others?
IELTS Speaking Part 3
Duration:4-5 minutes
The examiner will ask you further questions related to the question topic from part 2. This will give you the opportunity to discuss more abstract ideas.
The cue card used as an example above was asking you about a place you had visited. Further questions might include;
Why do you think the tourist industry is growing?
How do people choose a destination for their holiday?
Some people like to take a package holiday, while others prefer to explore and organise the trip themselves, why is this?
IELTS Speaking Criteria
The IELTS Speaking Test is designed for you to be able to talk about, describe and explain your own experiences and opinions.
You will be assessed on the following criteria;
Fluency and Coherence
Lexical Resource
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Pronunciation
It is important that you take the time to read the IELTS Speaking Band Descriptors and familiarise yourself with what is expected for the higher scoring bands. Like other parts of the test, you will be given a band score from 0-9. With the academic students aiming for a band score of 7, the criteria is as follows;
Non-native speakers who can express themselves on most subjects but frequently pause to think of words or ideas, mostly get a band score 5 or 6. Native speakers would be expected to get an 8.5 or 9.
The examiner is looking for your ability to speak English well, expressing your own opinions and feelings. Your score will be lower than a 7 if you make frequent mistakes or the examiner has trouble understanding you and what you are trying to say.
Requirements from universities and immigration agencies vary. Most students will need at least a band score 6 for undergraduate study. For postgraduate study or immigration, a band score 7 is generally required.
